Episodes
The Hungarian Uprising of 1956 and the Soviet Tanks
On October 23, 1956, Budapest erupted in a spontaneous revolution against Soviet domination, beginning with student demonstrations that quickly escalated into a nationwide insurrection. This episode explores the formation of the National Guard, the pivotal role of Imre Nagy in declaring neutrality, and the brutal suppression by Marshal Zhukov’s forces on November 4th. We examine the tragic events at Szabadság tér, the broadcast from Rádió Szabadság, and the mass exodus across the Duna-part that…
The Hungarian Revolution of 1848: A Spring of Nations
While earlier episodes covered the aftermath and battles of 1848, this episode explores the spark itself. We trace the intellectual ferment in Budapest’s coffee houses, where figures like Sándor Petőfi and Lajos Kossuth transformed cultural longing into political action. You will hear about the Night of April 13th, the drafting of the Twelve Points, and the delicate dance with Emperor Ferdinand that briefly offered hope before the empire’s backlash began. This is a look at how a literary…
The Hungarian Uprising of 1956 and the Soviet Tanks
On October 23, 1956, Budapest erupted in a spontaneous revolution against Soviet-imposed rule. This episode explores how a student demonstration at the Statue of Pest transformed into a nationwide uprising, forcing the withdrawal of Soviet troops from the city center. We examine the role of Imre Nagy, who declared Hungary’s neutrality and withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact, and the brief window of hope that followed. However, the freedom was short-lived. On November 4, Marshal Zhukov ordered a…
The Austro-Hungarian Compromise: A Fragile Empire
In this episode of The Story of Hungary, we turn away from the medieval battles and royal courts to examine the political architecture that defined Hungary’s final century before World War I. After the crushing defeat at Mohács and the subsequent Ottoman occupation, Hungary spent two centuries chafing under Habsburg rule, culminating in the failed revolution of 1848. The resolution came not through victory, but through exhaustion and negotiation in the form of the Ausgleich, or Compromise, of…
The Redoutable: Hungary’s Ironclad River Fleet
In this episode, we explore the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 through the lens of naval innovation. While armies clashed on land, the Danube became a stage for the world’s first ironclad warships. We trace the creation of the 'Redoutable' and the 'Széchenyi' by engineers like János Donáth and Mihály Ybl, who adapted river steamers into armored gunboats to challenge Habsburg control. Lucas and Luna discuss how these vessels, though few in number, changed the psychological landscape of the…
The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
After the crushing defeat at Königgrätz in 1866, the Austrian Empire faced an existential crisis that demanded a radical restructuring of its identity. This episode explores the complex negotiations that led to the Ausgleich, or Compromise, of 1867, transforming the dual monarchy into Austria-Hungary. We examine how Emperor Franz Joseph I and the Hungarian magnate Ferenc Deák navigated the treacherous waters of power-sharing, language rights, and military command. The conversation delves into…
The 1896 Millennial Celebrations: Hungary's Golden Jubilee
In 1896, the Kingdom of Hungary held a spectacular series of festivities to mark the millennium since the Magyar conquest of the Carpathian Basin. This episode explores how the Austro-Hungarian Empire leveraged these celebrations to foster a unique sense of Hungarian national identity within the broader Habsburg framework. We examine the construction of the Heroes' Square monument, the opening of the Millenniumi Vaspálya (Millennium Railway), and the complex political tensions between the…
The Rákóczi Uprising: Hungary's Fight for Sovereignty
In this episode of The Story of Hungary, we turn away from the medieval battles and Ottoman sieges that have defined earlier installments to examine the eighteenth century’s most significant internal conflict: the War of Independence led by Ferenc II Rákóczi. While previous episodes touched upon Habsburg domination and the Peace of Szatmár, here we explore the specific grievances that sparked the uprising in 1703, including heavy taxation, forced Catholicization, and the confiscation of noble…
The Thököly Uprising: Hungary's Last Stand Against Habsburgs
This episode explores the dramatic life of Imre Thököly, the Transylvanian prince who led a major anti-Habsburg uprising in the late 17th century. After the fall of Buda to the Ottomans and the subsequent Habsburg reconquest, Hungary found itself squeezed between two empires. Lucas and Luna trace Thököly’s journey from a young noble fighting for autonomy to a leader allied with the Sultan against his former masters. We examine the Treaty of Szatmár, which finally ended decades of resistance…
The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 and the War for Independence
We trace the explosive events of March 1848 in Pest, where a group of young intellectuals led by Sándor Petőfi ignited a national awakening that quickly spiraled into a full-scale war against Habsburg rule. This episode moves beyond the initial poetry readings to examine the military reality on the ground, focusing on General Józef Bem’s brilliant campaigns in Transylvania and the tragic, decisive Battle of Temesvár in August 1849. We explore how Lajos Kossuth’s political leadership clashed…
The Polish-Hungarian Alliance at Mohács
We often hear about the Battle of Mohács as a singular Hungarian tragedy, but the story is incomplete without Poland. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the complex diplomatic web that led to the 1526 catastrophe. We examine why King Louis II ignored warnings from his father-in-law, Sigismund I the Old of Poland, and how the failure of the Polish-Hungarian alliance sealed Hungary's fate. Through the eyes of Cardinal Tamás Bakócz and the Ottoman spies who infiltrated the Hungarian court, we…
The Habsburg Cage: Hungary's Lost Independence
After the crushing defeat at Mohács in 1526 and the subsequent Ottoman occupation of central Hungary, the kingdom was carved into three parts. While we have explored the rebellions against the Turks and the brief autonomy under figures like Ferenc Rákóczi, this episode focuses on the long, suffocating shadow of the Habsburg dynasty. We trace how Vienna gradually stripped Hungary of its parliamentary sovereignty, turning a sovereign kingdom into a crownland within a vast imperial machine. The…
Hungary's Silk Road: The Jewish Community of Buda
This episode explores the vibrant and often overlooked world of medieval Hungarian Jews, focusing on their role in commerce, culture, and daily life from the 13th to the 15th centuries. We trace their presence from the early settlements under King Béla IV to the flourishing community in Buda during the reign of Matthias Corvinus. You will hear about the economic functions they filled as merchants, physicians, and moneylenders, navigating a complex relationship with the Crown and the Catholic…
The Rakoczi Uprising: Hungary's War for Independence
In Episode 219, we explore the tragic and heroic Rákóczi Uprising of 1703–1711, a conflict often overshadowed by later national movements but foundational to Hungarian identity. After the Ottoman withdrawal left Hungary divided, the Habsburgs imposed heavy taxes and religious persecution on a nobility already stripped of its military power. Francis II Rákóczi, a Transylvanian prince with no army and little support, launched a revolt that briefly united Hungarians against Viennese rule. We trace…
The Rákóczi Uprising: Hungary's Fight for Independence
This episode explores the Great War of Independence led by Ferenc II Rákóczi in the early 18th century, a pivotal moment between the Ottoman retreat and the full consolidation of Habsburg rule. We trace how the heavy taxation imposed by Vienna after the Peace of Szatmár sparked a rebellion that drew support from across Europe, including France and Russia. Lucas and Luna discuss the key figures like Prince Rákóczi, the role of the Kuruc forces, and the tragic compromise that ended the conflict.…
The Siege of Belgrade 1456 and the Noon Bell
In 1456, a Franciscan friar named John of Capistrano rallied a ragtag army of peasants and students to defend Belgrade from the Ottomans. János Hunyadi, fresh off his greatest victory against Mehmed II, orchestrated a desperate defense that ended with a surprise counterattack and a Christian triumph. The victory was so celebrated that Pope Calixtus III ordered church bells to ring at noon across Europe — a tradition that continues today. But the aftermath was bittersweet: a plague swept through…
The Crown of Saint Stephen: Hungary's Holy Relic
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the fascinating history of the Holy Crown of Hungary, the Szent Korona, which has crowned kings for nearly a millennium. They trace its journey from the coronation of Stephen I in 1000 to its dramatic escapes and eventual return to the Hungarian Parliament. Discover the crown's mysterious origins, the significance of its crooked cross, and the debates over its authenticity. Along the way, they discuss the crown's role in Hungarian identity, its use by…
The Szekler Gate: Hungary's Wooden Guardians
In Episode 215 of The Story of Hungary, Lucas and Luna explore the hidden world of Szekler gates—the towering, intricately carved wooden portals that have marked Transylvanian villages for centuries. From the myth-shrouded origins of the Szeklers—descendants of Attila's Huns or early Hungarian settlers—to the gate's role as both a practical barrier and a defiant symbol of identity under Ottoman and Habsburg rule, this episode unpacks the craftsmanship and symbology locked in every carved tulip…
The 1849 Battle of Temesvár and Hungary's Final Stand
In this episode of The Story of Hungary, Lucas and Luna explore the 1849 Battle of Temesvár, the last great engagement of the Hungarian Revolution. They trace the buildup after the disastrous summer campaign, the fall of Buda, and the desperate defense of the southern frontier. Meet General Józef Bem, the Polish-born commander who became a Hungarian hero, and the young officers who held the line against overwhelming Habsburg and Russian forces. Discover how the fortress of Temesvár finally…
Saint Margaret of Hungary: A Dominican Life in the Royal Court
In this episode of The Story of Hungary, we explore the life of Saint Margaret of Hungary, a Dominican nun who was born into the Árpád dynasty and devoted herself to a life of prayer and penance. Her story weaves together royal politics, the Mongol invasion, and the founding of a convent on the Isle of Hares. We follow her from her birth in Klis Fortress during the Mongol invasion, through her childhood in the Dominican monastery at Veszprém, to her final vows on Margaret Island in Buda. We…
The Royal Court of Matthias Corvinus: Hungary's Renaissance King
In this episode of The Story of Hungary, Lucas and Luna explore the extraordinary reign of Matthias Corvinus, the Renaissance king who transformed a medieval kingdom into a cultural powerhouse. They discuss his stunning library, the Bibliotheca Corviniana, which rivaled the Vatican's, his founding of the Universitas Istropolitana, and his marriage to Beatrice of Aragon, which brought Italian humanism to Buda. They also examine his creation of the Black Army, one of Europe's first professional…
The Pannonhalma Archabbey: Hungary's Thousand-Year Sanctuary
In this episode of The Story of Hungary, Lucas and Luna explore a site that has stood for over a thousand years: Pannonhalma, the Benedictine archabbey founded in 996. They trace its origins under Prince Géza and King Stephen, its survival through Mongol and Ottoman invasions, and its role as a spiritual and educational beacon. The conversation delves into the famous 1201 charter that recorded King Imre's donation, the abbey's connections to the Árpád dynasty, and its later significance during…
The Battle of Mohács 1526: Hungary's Catastrophe and Aftermath
In 1526, the Ottoman army led by Suleiman the Magnificent crushed the Hungarian forces at the Battle of Mohács, killing King Louis II and thousands of nobles. This episode follows the dramatic days leading up to the battle—the failed diplomacy, the divided Hungarian council, the heroic last stand of Pál Tomori—and the devastating aftermath that split Hungary into three parts. We explore why this defeat became a national trauma, how it reshaped Central Europe for 150 years, and how the memory of…
The Cuman Queen: Elizabeth and Hungary's Nomadic Heirs
In this episode of The Story of Hungary, Lucas and Luna explore the reign of Elizabeth the Cuman, the pagan-born queen who became regent of Hungary in the turbulent decades after the Mongol invasion. They discuss her arrival in the kingdom as a hostage bride, her controversial regency during the minority of her son László IV, the bitter conflicts with the Church and nobility that followed, and her ultimate fall. Along the way, they consider the legacy of the Cumans in Hungary — their gradual…
The 1551 Siege of Szeged: A Border Town's Last Stand
In 1551, the Ottoman Empire turned its gaze on Szeged, a prosperous market town at the confluence of the Tisza and Maros rivers. While the great fortresses of Hungary had fallen one by one, Szeged was a commercial hub, not a military stronghold. Its defense would fall to a small garrison under the Croatian ban Péter Petrovics, facing a massive Ottoman army led by Sokollu Mehmed Pasha. The siege itself was brief, but its aftermath—the destruction of the town, the massacre of its defenders, and…
The Battle of Augsburg 910: Hungary's Wake-Up Call
In 910, the Hungarian horsemen who had terrorized Europe for two decades met a new kind of enemy at Augsburg: a German king who learned from defeat and built a fortress, a network, and an army. This episode follows the bloody campaigns of 907–910, the rise of King Louis the Child's guardians, and the crushing defeat that proved the Magyars were not invincible — and forced them to rethink their tactics. Lucas and Luna dig into the details: the battle on the Lechfeld, the fate of Count Gozbert…
The Battle of Varna 1444: Hungary's Final Crusade
In 1444, a young king and a seasoned regent led a desperate crusade against the Ottoman Empire. The Battle of Varna on the Black Sea coast became Hungary's greatest military catastrophe and a turning point for Christian Europe. This episode unpacks the clash between King Władysław III of Poland and Hungary — known as Władysław of Varna — and Sultan Murad II. We explore the diplomacy of Pope Eugene IV, the broken Treaty of Szeged, the controversial role of Cardinal Cesarini, and the legacy of…
The Battle of Nándorfehérvár 1456: Hungary's Last Crusade
In 1456, a massive Ottoman army under Sultan Mehmed II laid siege to Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade), the key fortress guarding Hungary's southern frontier. With King László V absent and the kingdom exhausted, the defense fell to two unlikely heroes: the Franciscan friar John of Capistrano and the legendary general János Hunyadi. This episode unpacks the campaign that culminated in one of the most dramatic Christian victories of the century — a battle that Pope Calixtus III ordered commemorated with…
The Peace of Nikolsburg: Hungary's 1622 Turning Point
In 1622, the Treaty of Nikolsburg ended a decade of rebellion in Royal Hungary, but it was far more than a truce. Lucas and Luna explore how Gábor Bethlen, Prince of Transylvania, leveraged the chaos of the Thirty Years' War to wring concessions from the Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand II. They trace Bethlen's campaigns, his alliance with the Protestant Bohemian rebels, and the diplomatic dance that led to the peace. The treaty granted Bethlen seven Hungarian counties and the title of Prince of the…
The Ottoman Siege of Buda 1541 and Hungary's Heart Lost
In 1541, Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent marched into Buda not in conquest but in a calculated act of protection that ended with the heart of Hungary falling into Ottoman hands. This episode unpacks the tangled events leading to that August day: the death of King John Szapolyai, the Habsburg push to reclaim the capital, and the brutal siege by Wilhelm von Roggendorf that actually opened the door for the Ottomans. Lucas and Luna explore how a baby king, a desperate queen, and a city's midnight…
The 1514 Boyar Rebellion: Hungary's Bloody Uprising
In 1514, the same year György Dózsa led a peasant crusade against Hungary's nobility, a separate revolt erupted in Transylvania. The Boyar Rebellion, led by three Romanian nobles, targeted Hungarian landowners and church officials. Lucas and Luna unpack this overlooked uprising, its ties to Dózsa's revolt, and its brutal suppression. They explore the role of Voivode János Szapolyai, the execution of the rebel leaders, and the rebellion's long-term impact on Hungarian-Romanian relations. With…
The Golden Bull of 1222: Hungary's Magna Carta
In 1222, King Andrew II of Hungary, pressured by his nobles, issued the Golden Bull, a charter that limited royal power and affirmed the rights of the lesser nobility. This episode explores the circumstances that led to its creation: Andrew's costly foreign wars, his favoritism toward foreigners, and the grievances of the 'servientes regis' who demanded protection. We compare it to England's Magna Carta of 1215, highlighting the parallel but distinct paths of constitutional development. The…
The 1867 Compromise: Hungary's Deal with the Habsburgs
In this landmark 200th episode, Lucas and Luna revisit the pivotal moment when Hungary regained its sovereignty—not through revolution, but through negotiation. The Compromise of 1867 (Kiegyezés) transformed the Habsburg Empire into the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary, granting Budapest equal status with Vienna and ushering in an era of unprecedented economic and cultural flourishing. But was it a genuine partnership or a pragmatic surrender of true independence? The hosts explore the…
The Mongol Invasion of Hungary: 1241 and the Kingdom's Near Collapse
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the devastating Mongol invasion of Hungary in 1241. They discuss the rise of Genghis Khan, the lightning campaign of Batu Khan and Subutai, and the catastrophic defeat at the Battle of Mohi on the Sajó River. The hosts examine King Béla IV's flight, the brutal sack of Pest and other cities, and the mysterious withdrawal of the Mongols in 1242. They also reflect on the aftermath: how Béla rebuilt the country with stone castles, invited new settlers, and…
The Battle of Kőszeg 1532: Europe's Tiny Fortress That Stopped Suleiman
In 1532, Suleiman the Magnificent led his largest army yet toward Vienna. He never got there. Instead, a crumbling garrison of fewer than a thousand defenders held the tiny border fortress of Kőszeg for nearly a month, forcing the Ottoman sultan to turn back just as the Habsburg and Hungarian forces were assembling. This episode tells the story of Captain Miklós Jurisics, the Szekler and Croatian soldiers who stood with him, and the extraordinary siege that became a legend across Europe. We…
Gyula Andrássy: The Architect of Austria-Hungary's Foreign Policy
In 1878, the Congress of Berlin redrew the map of the Balkans, and Hungary's own Gyula Andrássy—foreign minister of Austria-Hungary—played a central role. This episode explores Andrássy's path from a hanged exile to the Habsburg court, his clandestine diplomacy with Bismarck and Disraeli, and the fateful occupation of Bosnia-Herzegovina. Lucas and Luna delve into how Andrássy's realist vision aimed to balance power against Russia, why he regarded Bosnia as a 'card' in a larger game, and how the…
The Gesta Hungarorum: Anonymus and the Legendary Past
In this episode, Lucas and Luna delve into the Gesta Hungarorum, a medieval chronicle written by an anonymous notary of King Béla III. They explore the mysteries surrounding the author's identity, the political circumstances of its creation around 1200, and how this text shaped Hungarian national identity by blending oral traditions with classical and biblical models. They discuss the legend of the Turul bird, the blood oath of the Hungarian chieftains, and the portrayal of Attila the Hun as a…
Queen Gertrude's Murder and Hungary's Melancholy Year
In 1213, in the forests of Pilis, Queen Gertrude of Merania fell to the swords of Hungarian noblemen, her mutilated body left in a ravine. The murder shook the court of her husband, King Andrew II, and set off a chain of events that reshaped Hungary's power structure. This episode follows the queen's rise, the resentment she stoked among the nobility—many accused her of lavishing lands on her German relatives—and her violent end. But the story doesn't stop there: Andrew's revenge, the role of…
The Battle of Pákozd: Hungary's First Victory in 1848
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Battle of Pákozd, fought on September 29, 1848, which marked Hungary's first major victory in the 1848-49 War of Independence. They discuss the lead-up to the battle, including the Austrian commander Josip Jelačić's invasion and the Hungarian forces' strategic choices. They delve into the roles of Hungarian commander Lieutenant-General János Móga and the young revolutionary leader Lajos Kossuth, who urged troops to fight despite the Austrian…
The Battle of Bratislava 907: Hungary's Birth on the Marchfeld
Before the Holy Crown, before Stephen, before Mohács — there was Pozsony. In 907, a young Magyar alliance shattered a Bavarian army led by Margrave Luitpold on the banks of the Danube, and in that act of violence a new power was born. This episode walks you through the forgotten battle that historians mark as the starting point of Hungarian statehood, the very ground on which the nation would later stand. We trace the Magyar migration from the Urals through the Carpathians, the warning at the…
The Holy Right of King Stephen: Relic, Ritual, and National Identity
In this episode of The Story of Hungary, Lucas and Luna explore the strange and sacred history of the Holy Right Hand of King Stephen — the mummified relic of Hungary's first Christian king, preserved for nearly a millennium. From its enshrinement at Székesfehérvár, to its dramatic escape from a fire in 1323, to its journey through Habsburg hands and exile to Vienna, the relic has been a silent witness to Hungary's triumphs and tribulations. Along the way, they uncover the medieval politics of…
The Great Flood of 1838: Pest Rebuilds Itself
In March 1838, the Danube rose to heights never recorded before, and Pest—already the fastest-growing city in Hungary—was swallowed in a single night. This episode follows the flood from the first signs of danger to the chaotic rescues, the thousands left homeless, and the bitter political aftermath. We talk about Baron József Eötvös, who organized relief while the government hesitated, and about the urban rebuilding that turned disaster into opportunity. The flood exposed the neglect of the…
The Forgotten Ottoman-Hungarian Outpost: Kanizsa 1600
In this episode of The Story of Hungary, Lucas and Luna step away from the famous battles and kings to uncover the story of Kanizsa, a fortress in southwestern Hungary that became a crucible of Ottoman-Hungarian conflict at the turn of the seventeenth century. The siege of Kanizsa in 1600 saw the Ottomans capture a key stronghold, but the real drama came a year later when a Habsburg-Hungarian force tried to retake it, only to be driven back in one of the most humiliating defeats of the Long…
The Battle of Nagysalló: Hungary's 1849 Turning Point
In this episode of The Story of Hungary, hosts Lucas and Luna step back from the famous battles and delve into the often overlooked but pivotal Battle of Nagysalló, fought on April 19, 1849, during the Hungarian War of Independence. This clash, part of the Spring Campaign, saw the Honvéd army under generals such as György Klapka and János Damjanich outmaneuver and rout the Austrian forces of Field Marshal Alfred von Windischgrätz near the village of Nagysalló (now Tekovské Lužany in Slovakia).…
Hungary's 1848 Revolution: The Springtime of Peoples
In 1848, revolutions swept Europe, and Hungary seized the moment. This episode explores the Hungarian Revolution of 1848-49: from the bloodless protest on March 15 in Pest, where poet Sándor Petőfi recited the Nemzeti dal to a crowd demanding freedom of the press and an independent parliament, to the April Laws that abolished serfdom and created a constitutional monarchy. Follow the rise of Lajos Kossuth, the battles of Pákozd and Buda, the controversial dethronement of the Habsburgs, and the…
Hungary's 1526 Battle of Mohács and the Threefold Partition
On a muddy August morning in 1526, King Louis II of Hungary rode out from Buda with an army that hadn't been paid in months. Across the plain of Mohács, Suleiman the Magnificent had already crossed the Drava with eighty thousand men. What followed wasn't just a battle — it was a national erasure. In less than two hours, the cream of Hungary's nobility was dead, including the king himself. The kingdom fractured into three: Royal Hungary under the Habsburgs, Ottoman Hungary under the sultan, and…
The Holy Crown of Hungary: Symbol, Legend, and Power
The Holy Crown of Hungary – the Szent Korona – is far more than a jeweled artifact. In this episode, Lucas and Luna trace the crown's journey from its uncertain origins through centuries of peril: how it was hidden from Mongols, stolen by Ottomans, spirited away by fleeing kings, and finally returned to the Hungarian Parliament. They explore the legends that surround it – the supposed angelic origin, the crooked cross, and the belief that the crown itself holds sovereign power. Along the way…
The Kuruc Uprising: Rákóczi's War of Independence
In this episode of The Story of Hungary, Lucas and Luna explore the Kuruc War of Independence led by Prince Ferenc Rákóczi II from 1703 to 1711. They discuss the uprising's origins in Hungarian resentment against Habsburg rule, the role of the Hajdú soldiers, and key battles like the siege of Zsibó. The hosts also examine the Treaty of Szatmár, which ended the war but left Hungary under Habsburg control, and reflect on the legacy of Rákóczi as a national hero. This episode dives into the…
King Stephen I: Hungary's First Crown and Christian Kingdom
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the coronation of Stephen I on Christmas Day 1000 AD—a moment that forged Hungary as a Christian kingdom. They discuss the politics of Prince Géza's conversion, the rebellion of Koppány, and the crown sent by Pope Sylvester II. The conversation unpacks Stephen's laws, the county system, and his famous 'Admonitions' to his son. They also touch on the enduring symbol of the Holy Crown (Szent Korona) and the relic of Stephen's right hand. A fresh look at…
The Peasant King György Dózsa and Hungary's 1514 Revolt
The 1514 peasant revolt led by György Dózsa shook the Kingdom of Hungary just twelve years before the catastrophic Battle of Mohács. Called a crusade against the Ottomans, it became a furious uprising against the nobility when feudal conditions proved unbearable. Dózsa, a Székely soldier and minor noble himself, led an army of tens of thousands of peasants, priests, and lesser gentry in a march on Temesvár. After initial successes, the rebel army was crushed by the forces of Voivode János…
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