Episodes
Carthage's Sea God: Melqart and the Punic World
In this special 200th episode of Carthage: Rome's Greatest Enemy and Hannibal's Revenge, Lucas and Luna step away from the battlefield to explore the spiritual heart of the Punic world. They discuss Melqart, the Phoenician god of Tyre who became the patron of Carthage's maritime enterprise and the symbol of its far-flung colonies. From the annual rituals at the Cothon to the famous temples at Gades and Lixus, they trace how this deity shaped Carthaginian identity, politics, and even its…
Carthage's Hidden Harbor and the Naval Edge
In this episode of Carthage: Rome's Greatest Enemy and Hannibal's Revenge, Lucas and Luna dive into the engineering marvel that sustained Carthage's naval power: the Cothon, the city's artificial double harbor. From its circular war harbor with a central island command post to the merchant harbor that funneled goods from three continents, they explore how this masterwork of ancient logistics kept Carthage afloat through the Punic Wars. They trace its origins, its design as described by Appian…
Carthage's 40-Day Siege: The End of the Punic World
In 146 BC, Carthage fell after a 40-day siege. But the city didn't just surrender — it became a symbol of defiance. This episode digs into the brutal final resistance, the role of the city's 700,000 residents in the last stand, and the shocking moment when Scipio Aemilianus, the Roman general who destroyed Carthage, wept over its ruins. We also explore the myth of salting the earth — and why the Romans probably didn't do it — and what the fall of Carthage meant for the Mediterranean world.…
Carthage's Sacred Band: The Elite Guard of the Barcids
In this episode of Carthage: Rome's Greatest Enemy, Lucas and Luna explore the Sacred Band of Carthage — the elite infantry unit that served as the city's bodyguard and shock troops. Unlike the mercenary armies Carthage usually fielded, the Sacred Band was drawn from the sons of the aristocracy, bound by oath and honor. We trace their origins in the shadow of the Mercenary War, their role in Hamilcar Barca's campaigns in Iberia, and their devastating defeat at the Battle of the Bagradas in 255…
The Battle of the Bagradas: Regulus' Desert Doom
In 255 BC, during the First Punic War, Rome sent a consul named Marcus Atilius Regulus to Africa to crush Carthage. After an initial victory, Regulus rejected peace terms and faced a Spartan mercenary commander named Xanthippus, who reorganized Carthage's army and led it to a devastating victory at the Battle of the Bagradas River. This episode explores the campaign, the battle's tactical details, the role of war elephants and cavalry, and the grim fate of Regulus, who became a legend of Roman…
Hannibal's March Across the Alps
In this episode, Lucas and Luna revisit the most audacious gamble of the Second Punic War: Hannibal Barca's crossing of the Alps in 218 BC. They explore the practical realities of moving a multi-ethnic army and its war elephants through mountain passes, the political calculations in Carthage and Rome, and the enduring legends that grew around the march. From the Rhône crossing to the Battle of Trebia, they look at the strategic choices, the losses to weather and tribal attacks, and the role of…
The Mercenary Revolt That Nearly Destroyed Carthage
Carthage's victory in the First Punic War left it bankrupt and indebted to thousands of unpaid mercenaries. When the soldiers marched on the city itself, Carthage came closer to collapse than it ever did in all its wars with Rome. This episode follows the Truceless War of 241-237 BC: the mutiny led by Spendius and Matho, the blockade of Utica, the execution of Gesco, the epic siege of Carthage's own walls, and the brutal campaigns of Hamilcar Barca and Hanno the Great. We look at the political…
Carthage's Hired Swords: The Mercenary War of 241 BC
In 241 BC, Carthage emerged from the First Punic War crushed and broke, unable to pay the thousands of mercenaries who had fought for it. The resulting revolt — the Mercenary War, or the Truceless War, as Polybius called it — nearly destroyed the city from within. This episode follows the uprising of Spendius the Campanian and Matho the Libyan, the brutal siege of Carthage, the desperate leadership of Hamilcar Barca, and the war's staggering toll: tens of thousands dead, a city stripped of its…
The War Elephant: Carthage's Living Weapon
In this episode of Carthage: Rome's Greatest Enemy, Lucas and Luna explore the role of war elephants in Carthaginian warfare, from their first use against Pyrrhus to their devastating impact on Roman infantry. They discuss the different types of elephants — African forest elephants versus the now-extinct North African elephants — and how Hannibal's crossing of the Alps became a legendary feat of logistics. The conversation covers the strengths and terrifying weaknesses of these beasts…
Carthage's Harbor and the Rise of the Barcids
In this episode of Carthage: Rome's Greatest Enemy, we explore how Hamilcar Barca's return from the First Punic War and his family's rise reshaped the city's politics and military strategy. We look at the Barcid faction's use of the cothon harbor as a base for expansion in Spain, their rivalry with Hanno the Great, and how this set the stage for Hannibal's invasion of Italy. We also touch on the Mercenary War, the role of the Sacred Band, and the strategic importance of the Tagus River. Join us…
Carthage's Great Harbour: The Cothon and Naval Supremacy
In this episode of Fexingo History, Lucas and Luna dive into the engineering marvel at the heart of Carthaginian power: the cothon, the city's famous double harbours. You'll learn how this artificial port complex, with its circular naval harbour and rectangular merchant port, anchored Carthage's dominance across the western Mediterranean for centuries. We trace its construction, its role in the city's naval strategy, and its ultimate destruction in 146 BC during Scipio Aemilianus's siege.…
Carthage's Triple Walls and the Cothon Harbor
In this episode of Fexingo History, Lucas and Luna explore the engineering marvels of Carthage's defenses—the triple walls, the protective ditch, the cothon harbor, and the citadel of Byrsa. They discuss how these structures made Carthage nearly impregnable, the role of the suffetes and the Hundred and Four in maintaining them, and the dramatic sieges that tested them, from Agathocles to Scipio Aemilianus. Along the way, they consider the logistics of building and guarding such fortifications…
Carthage's Salt and the Legend of Scorched Earth
In this episode of Carthage: Rome's Greatest Enemy and Hannibal's Revenge, Lucas and Luna dig into one of the most enduring legends of the ancient world: the claim that Rome sowed Carthage's fields with salt after the city fell in 146 BC. Was it real, or just a colourful myth invented by later writers? They trace the story back to its sources — none of which are contemporary — and look at what we actually know about Rome's destruction of Carthage, from the fire that raged for days to the mass…
Carthage's Mercenary Army: The Men Who Fought for Pay
In this episode of Carthage: Rome's Greatest Enemy, Lucas and Luna peel back the layers of Carthage's military machine to focus on the men who actually did the fighting: the mercenaries. From the Libyan spearmen and Numidian horse to the Balearic slingers and Celtiberian swordsmen, we explore why Carthage relied so heavily on hired blades, how they were recruited and paid, and what happened when the money ran out. We delve into the brutal logic of the Mercenary War that nearly destroyed the…
The Battle of the Aegates Islands: Rome's Victory at Sea
In 241 BCE, the First Punic War ended with a decisive naval battle off the Aegates Islands (modern Egadi, Sicily). Lucas and Luna explore how Rome, after decades of struggle, finally broke Carthage's naval supremacy. They discuss the Romans' innovative corvus boarding bridge, the poorly manned Carthaginian fleet under Hanno, and the political fallout that led to the Mercenary War and the rise of Hamilcar Barca. This episode covers the battle's tactics, the peace terms that cost Carthage Sicily…
Zama 202 BC: Hannibal's First and Final Defeat
In 202 BC, Hannibal Barca faced Scipio Africanus on the dusty plains of Zama Regia, ending sixteen years of war. This episode reconstructs the battle that broke Carthage's legend: the pre-battle summit between the two generals, the tactical deployment of eighty war elephants, the critical defection of Numidian cavalry under Masinissa, and the desperate last stand of Hannibal's Italian veterans. We examine why the double envelopment that worked at Cannae failed here, how Scipio's flexible…
Cannae: Hannibal's Perfect Battle and Rome's Darkest Day
In 216 BCE, on a hot summer day near the town of Cannae in southeastern Italy, Hannibal Barca achieved what many consider the greatest tactical feat in military history. With an army half the size of Rome's, he engineered a double envelopment that annihilated perhaps 50,000 Roman soldiers in a single afternoon. This episode walks through the battle step by step: the deployment, the role of the Numidian cavalry under Maharbal, the pressure on Hannibal's center of Gauls and Iberians, and the…
Xanthippus: The Spartan Who Saved Carthage from Rome
In 255 BC, during the First Punic War, Carthage was on the brink of collapse. Rome's consul Marcus Atilius Regulus had invaded Africa, winning a series of battles and threatening the city itself. Then a mysterious Spartan mercenary named Xanthippus arrived. He reorganized the Carthaginian army, introduced Greek phalanx tactics, and led them to a stunning victory at the Battle of the Bagradas River, capturing Regulus in the process. This episode explores who Xanthippus was, how he turned the…
Hanno the Navigator: Carthage's African Explorer
Before the Punic Wars, Carthage launched a remarkable voyage of exploration down Africa's west coast. In this episode, Lucas and Luna dive into the Periplus of Hanno the Navigator—a 5th-century BCE expedition that founded colonies, encountered crocodiles and hippos, and possibly documented gorillas for the first time. They discuss the route, the controversies over how far south Hanno reached, and the legacy of this forgotten Carthaginian achievement. Plus, reflecting on how a single Greek…
Scipio Aemilianus and the Fall of Carthage
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Third Punic War—the final, brutal conflict that erased Carthage from the map. They focus on Scipio Aemilianus, the Roman general who led the siege, and the political backdrop of Cato the Elder's relentless fearmongering ('Carthago delenda est'). The episode details the three-year siege, the ingenious Carthaginian defenses, the brutal street fighting, and the controversial end: the sale of survivors into slavery and the razing of the city. Lucas and…
The Legacy of Mago: Carthage's Lost Agricultural Manual
This episode of Fexingo History dives into Carthage's agricultural mastery, focusing on the lost 28-volume treatise by the Punic writer Mago. Translated into Latin by order of the Roman Senate after the destruction of Carthage, Mago's work guided Roman farming for centuries. We explore what's known of its contents—olive cultivation, viticulture, crop rotation, and livestock management—and how it reflects Carthaginian ingenuity beyond warfare. Drawing on references from Diodorus Siculus…
Hannibal's Exile: The Last Years of Carthage's Greatest General
After the Battle of Zama in 202 BCE, Hannibal Barca didn't vanish. He returned to Carthage as a suffete, reforming the city's finances and challenging the oligarchic Hannonid faction. But Rome saw his influence as a threat, forcing him into a decades-long exile that took him to Tyre, Ephesus, and Bithynia. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore Hannibal's post-war life: his political reforms, his flight to the Seleucid court of Antiochus III, his role as a naval advisor, and the final stand at…
Carthage's Treaties with Rome: The Pacts That Led to War
Long before the clash of armies at Cannae and Zama, Rome and Carthage defined their relationship through a series of treaties—from the first foedus of 509 BC to the final breach that sparked the Second Punic War. In this episode, Lucas and Luna dissect the diplomatic framework: the Treaty of Philinus, the Ebro Accord, and the controversial 'Carthaginian breach' of Saguntum. They explore the shifting interpretations of each clause, the role of Polybius as our primary source, and how these legal…
Saguntum: The Spark That Ignited Hannibal's War
In this episode, we explore the diplomatic and military crisis that triggered the Second Punic War: the siege of Saguntum in 219 BC. Lucas and Luna dive deep into the geopolitics of pre-war Iberia, the controversial alliance between Saguntum and Rome, and Hannibal's calculated provocation. Learn about the Roman embassy to Carthage, the debate in the Carthaginian Senate, and the famous 'Carthaginian reply' that sealed the fate of the Mediterranean. We also examine the archaeological evidence for…
Hasdrubal Barca and the Battle of the Metaurus
After Hannibal's epic victory at Cannae, Rome refused to surrender. While Hannibal remained trapped in southern Italy, his brother Hasdrubal Barca marched from Spain with a fresh army to reinforce him. Crossing the Alps in 207 BC, Hasdrubal descended into the Po Valley, but his messengers were intercepted by the Roman consul Gaius Claudius Nero. Nero made a daring gamble—he secretly left Hannibal's front and joined his fellow consul Marcus Livius Salinator to confront Hasdrubal at the Metaurus…
Carthage's Sacred Tophet: Child Sacrifice or Propaganda
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore one of the most controversial and emotionally charged subjects in Carthaginian history: the Tophet of Carthage. Was it a place of mass child sacrifice to the gods Baal Hammon and Tanit, as Roman and Greek sources claimed? Or is the evidence more ambiguous, pointing to a burial ground for stillborns and young children who died naturally? Lucas walks Luna through the archaeological excavations at Salammbô, the hundreds of urns containing cremated infant…
Carthage's Forgotten God: Melqart and the Pillars of Hercules
This episode of Carthage: Rome's Greatest Enemy and Hannibal's Revenge explores the role of Melqart, the Phoenician god of Tyre, in Carthaginian identity and expansion. Lucas and Luna discuss how Carthage spread the cult of Melqart across its empire, from Gades to the Pillars of Hercules, and how the god's mythology influenced Hannibal's strategy. They examine the temple of Melqart in Gades, its connection to the Pillars of Hercules, and how Carthage used religion to unify its diverse subjects.…
Carthage's Qart Hadasht: The City That Ruled the Western Mediterranean
Before Rome burned Carthage to the ground in 146 BCE, the city of Qart Hadasht—'New City' in Phoenician—was one of the wealthiest and most cosmopolitan urban centers of the ancient world. This episode takes you inside the walls of Carthage at its peak: the grid of limestone-paved streets, the towering Byrsa hilltop citadel, the twin harbors (the cothon for warships and a separate commercial port), and the temples to Melqart and Tanit. We explore the city's daily life—its multilingual…
Carthage's Hanno the Great and the Oligarchic Faction
In this episode of Carthage: Rome's Greatest Enemy and Hannibal's Revenge, Lucas and Luna explore the life and legacy of Hanno the Great, the powerful leader of the Hannonid faction who opposed the Barcids. They discuss his role in the Mercenary War, his opposition to Hamilcar Barca's expansion in Spain, and his controversial actions during the First Punic War. Listeners will learn about the internal political struggles that nearly destroyed Carthage from within, and how Hanno's policies shaped…
Carthage's War Elephants: Beasts of Battle and Logistics
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the role of war elephants in Carthaginian military history—from their capture and training in North Africa to their deployment in the Punic Wars against Rome. They discuss the different species used (African forest elephants vs. larger Asian elephants), the tactics of elephant warfare, and the specific challenges Hannibal faced crossing the Alps with these animals. The conversation also delves into the psychological impact on Roman soldiers, the famous…
Carthage's Mercenary War: The Truceless War That Nearly Destroyed Them
After crushing Rome in the First Punic War, Carthage faced a far more personal enemy: its own unpaid mercenaries. This episode explores the Mercenary War of 241–237 BCE, which the Greek historian Polybius called the Truceless War — a brutal, three-year conflict that saw former soldiers turn into savages, crucify Carthaginian generals, and almost erase the city from history. We follow the story of Hamilcar Barca's desperate return from Sicily, the siege of Carthage itself, the rise of the rebel…
Carthage's Siege of Syracuse: Archimedes and the Claw
In 213 BCE, while Hannibal was ravaging Italy, the Roman general Marcellus laid siege to the Greek city of Syracuse, a Carthaginian ally. What followed was a legendary clash between Roman legions and the mind of Archimedes. This episode dives into the siege's mechanics: the Claw, the burning mirrors, and the giant catapults that held Rome at bay for two years. We explore whether the stories (from Plutarch, Polybius, and Livy) are fact or fiction, and how Syracuse's fall in 212 BCE shifted the…
Hannibal's Greek Mercenaries and Hellenic Arms in the Punic Army
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the surprising role of Greek mercenaries in Hannibal's army. While Hannibal is famous for his diverse forces of Celts, Iberians, Numidians, and Libyans, the Punic general also employed Greek hoplites and peltasts, particularly from the Peloponnese and Crete. We discuss the recruitment of Spartan mercenaries under a certain Xenocles, the use of Cretan archers, and the presence of a Greek phalanx at the Battle of Cannae. The conversation touches on the…
Hannibal's Spy Network: How Carthage Outfoxed Rome
In this episode of Carthage: Rome's Greatest Enemy, Lucas and Luna explore a shadowy corner of the Second Punic War: Hannibal's intelligence operations. From 218 to 203 BCE, the Carthaginian general waged a sophisticated campaign of espionage that kept him informed of Roman movements, intercepted enemy dispatches, and cultivated spies among Rome's allies. Lucas recounts how Hannibal's network of Gallic scouts, Numidian horsemen, and double agents—including a mysterious Carthaginian merchant in…
Carthage's Trade Empire: Purple Dye, Tin, and the Wealth Behind Hannibal
Before Hannibal crossed the Alps, Carthage funded his army through a vast commercial network stretching from West Africa to Britain. This episode traces the sources of Carthaginian wealth: the murex shellfish that produced Tyrian purple dye worth its weight in silver, the tin routes from Cornwall that supplied bronze for armor and weapons, and the gold and ivory caravans across the Sahara. We explore the industrial scale of Carthage's dye workshops at places like Kerkouane, the secretive trade…
Carthage's General Hamilcar Barca: Father of Hannibal
Before Hannibal crossed the Alps, his father Hamilcar Barca forged the Barcid dynasty in Spain. This episode explores Hamilcar's early career in the First Punic War, his brutal suppression of the Mercenary Revolt, and his visionary conquest of Iberia. We examine his use of diplomacy and terror against native tribes, the founding of Qart Hadasht (Cartagena), and how he groomed his sons Hannibal and Hasdrubal for revenge against Rome. Discover how Hamilcar shaped Carthage's imperial strategy and…
Carthage's Alliance with Numidia: The Critical North African Power
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore Carthage's complex relationship with Numidia, the Berber kingdom that became a decisive factor in the Punic Wars. We examine how Numidian kings like Syphax and Masinissa shaped Carthage's fortunes — from alliance to betrayal. We discuss the political marriage of Sophonisba, the stunning defection of Masinissa to Rome after the Battle of Zama, and how Numidia's cavalry and leadership directly influenced the outcome of the Second Punic War. Drawing on…
The Battle of Zama: Scipio vs Hannibal's Final Showdown
In 202 BCE, the Second Punic War reached its climax on the dusty plains of Zama. This episode follows the final confrontation between Hannibal Barca and Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus — two of antiquity's greatest generals. We explore Scipio's ingenious tactical reforms, including the maniple formation that neutralized Hannibal's war elephants, and the critical role of Numidian cavalry under Masinissa. We also examine the political aftermath: Hannibal's exile, Scipio's triumph, and…
Hannibal's Revenge: The Battle of Cannae and Its Aftermath
In this episode, Lucas and Luna dive into Hannibal's greatest victory—the Battle of Cannae in 216 BCE—and explore how the Carthaginian general's tactical genius nearly brought Rome to its knees. They examine the double-envelopment maneuver that annihilated eight Roman legions, the political fallout in Rome, and why Hannibal couldn't capitalize on his triumph. The conversation covers key figures like the Roman consuls Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro, the role of the Numidian…
Carthage's Hanno the Navigator: The Periplus and African Exploration
In this episode of Carthage: Rome's Greatest Enemy and Hannibal's Revenge, Lucas and Luna dive into the story of Hanno the Navigator, the Carthaginian explorer who led a fleet of 60 ships along the west coast of Africa around 500 BCE. They discuss his famous Periplus, a Greek translation of a Punic account describing colonies, encounters with hostile natives, and the baffling 'gorillai' — hairy, cave-dwelling creatures that Hanno's men captured and skinned. Did Hanno really discover gorillas?…
Carthage's Secret Religion: Tanit and the Punic Pantheon
For centuries, Carthage was Rome's greatest enemy, but its religion remains one of history's most misunderstood subjects. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Punic pantheon, focusing on the goddess Tanit—her origins, her role as a mother goddess, and her connection to the infamous child sacrifice controversy. They delve into the syncretism between Carthaginian and Phoenician deities, including Baal Hammon and Melqart, and examine how Greek and Roman writers shaped (and often distorted)…
Carthage's Fall: The Third Punic War and Scipio Aemilianus
In 146 BCE, the Roman Senate ordered Carthage destroyed. This episode follows the final act of the Punic Wars: the three-year siege of Carthage led by Scipio Aemilianus, grandson of Scipio Africanus. We discuss the political maneuvering of Cato the Elder, whose constant cry of 'Carthago delenda est' pushed Rome toward war. We explore the Battle of Nepheris, the siegeworks, and the brutal street fighting that ended with the city burned and its survivors sold into slavery. We also grapple with…
Carthage's Constitution: The Republic Before Rome
In this episode, we explore the Carthaginian constitution—the political system that governed one of the ancient world's great republics. Lucas and Luna dive into the roles of the suffetes (chief magistrates), the Council of Elders, the Assembly of the People, and the infamous Hundred and Four (the court of judges). Drawing on Aristotle's 'Politics' and Polybius, we examine how Carthage's mixed constitution balanced monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy—and how that balance shifted over time…
Carthage's Treaty with Rome: The Lost Diplomatic History
Before the Punic Wars turned into legendary battles and bitter rivalries, Carthage and Rome were allies. This episode unpacks the series of treaties between the two powers from 509 BC to 279 BC, as recorded by the Greek historian Polybius. We examine the first treaty, signed shortly after Rome's founding as a republic, which recognized Carthaginian dominance in the western Mediterranean and restricted Roman trade. The second treaty from 348 BC adjusted terms amid shifting power dynamics. The…
Carthage's Navy: The Fleet That Challenged Rome
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Carthaginian navy, the backbone of the empire that nearly defeated Rome. They trace the development of the Punic fleet from its Phoenician roots, discussing the design of the quinquereme, the strategic use of the Cothon harbor, and the naval battles of the First Punic War—like Mylae and the Ecnomus—where Carthage's superior seamanship was undone by Rome's innovative corvus boarding bridge. The conversation also covers the lesser-known Second Punic War…
Carthage's Iberian Empire: Hannibal's Spanish Stronghold
Before Hannibal crossed the Alps, Carthage ruled a vast empire in Iberia. This episode explores the Barcid conquest of Spain, the founding of Qart Hadasht (Cartagena), the silver mines that funded Hannibal's war machine, and the siege of Saguntum that triggered the Second Punic War. We discuss key figures like Hamilcar Barca, Hasdrubal the Handsome, and Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal Barca, as well as the controversial figure of Soricus. Learn about the Battle of the Tagus River, the Treaty of…
Hannibal's Oath: The Boy Who Swore to Hate Rome
Before Hannibal became Rome's greatest nightmare, he was a nine-year-old boy in the temple of Melqart at Qart Hadasht. This episode of Carthage: Rome's Greatest Enemy and Hannibal's Revenge explores the famous — and possibly invented — story of Hannibal's oath to his father Hamilcar Barca. Lucas and Luna unpack what we actually know from Polybius and Livy, the political context of the Barcid family's ambitions in Spain, and how the oath became the defining myth of Hannibal's life. Was it real…
Carthage's Suffetes: The Republic Before Rome
Long before the Roman Republic, Carthage had its own constitution—a system of annually elected magistrates called suffetes, a powerful Council of Elders, and a tribunal known as the Hundred and Four. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore how Carthage's political institutions evolved from its Phoenician roots, how the Barcid and Hannonid factions vied for power, and how internal politics shaped decisions from the Mercenary War to the Second Punic War. Drawing on Aristotle's 'Politics' and…
Carthage's Philhellene Policy: Greeks at the Court of Hannibal
This episode explores Carthage's surprising embrace of Greek culture during the Second Punic War. We examine how Hannibal's court employed Greek historians like Silenus of Caleacte and Sosylus of Lacedaemon to record his campaigns, and how Carthaginian generals studied Hellenic military tactics. We discuss the bilingual Punic-Greek inscriptions at the Temple of Melqart in Gadir, the influence of Aristotle's student Cleitomachus (a Carthaginian who became head of the Academy in Athens), and the…
Carthage's Hanno the Navigator: The Periplus and African Exploration
In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the legendary voyage of Hanno the Navigator, a Carthaginian explorer who led a fleet of 60 ships along the west coast of Africa around 500 BCE. They dive into the Periplus of Hanno, the ancient Greek account of this expedition, discussing the colonizing missions, encounters with indigenous peoples, and the mysterious 'gorillai' that may have inspired modern gorilla names. The hosts examine the geographical debates about how far Hanno actually sailed—did…
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