The Phoenician Empire is often overshadowed by its contemporaries, yet this maritime civilization of the ancient Near East fundamentally shaped the Mediterranean world. From their city-states along the coast of modern Lebanon—Tyre, Sidon, Byblos, and Arwad—Phoenician sailors and merchants established an extensive trade network that connected Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, and beyond. Under the guidance of hosts Lucas and Luna, this series explores the entire Phoenician story: from the rise of Byblos as a hub for papyrus trade to the founding of Carthage by Queen Dido (or Elissa) in the 9th century BCE. We examine the purple dye industry derived from Murex shells, which became a symbol of royal power; the development of the Phoenician alphabet, which gave rise to Greek and Latin scripts; and the naval innovations that allowed them to circumnavigate Africa under Pharaoh Necho II. The show delves into political structures, including the suffetes (magistrates) of Carthage, and the empire's interactions with Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, and Hellenistic powers. We discuss the cults of Melqart and Tanit, the practice of child sacrifice (a contentious historical debate), and the eventual fall of Carthage after the Punic Wars. By tracing the Phoenician legacy, we uncover how their commercial instincts and cultural exports—like glassmaking and alphabetic writing—created the foundations for the globalized world. How did a small group of city-states become the silent architects of Western civilization?

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